Historic Building Information Modelling Research Articles

Building Information Modelling Facility Management (BIM-FM)

Defined digital Facilities’ Management (FM) systems will contribute to the realisation of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. Of the available digital FM systems, Building Information Modelling (BIM) for FM, herein referred to as BIM-FM, is the least developed. Where BIM-FM varies from existing digital FM tools is its advanced 3D visualisation capabilities. A semi-structured literature review is undertaken to assess the current implementation of BIM-FM and identify opportunities to engender its increased adoption. This paper is part of an ongoing piece of research aimed at defining a standard methodology for the application of BIM to historically significant structures, otherwise known as Historic BIM (HBIM). Two existing approaches to BIM-FM, current and developing, are outlined. The potential value BIM-FM can provide according to the literature is discussed but there exists minimal practical evidence to justify these claims. Barriers to its adoption are discussed, with a key underlying barrier found to be a lack of defined user requirements. Consequently, functional, modelling and information requirements established within the literature are identified, and existing attempts at realising the requirements are discussed. Six information categories and two functional requirements are identified. It is theorised that the tendency to utilise simplified geometric models for FM is primarily due to software and practical limitations as opposed to actual end user needs, and it is suggested that this should be investigated further in future work. Attempts at realising BIM-FM user requirements using other advanced technologies, primarily Digital Twins, are investigated and found to be an area of increasing commonality. A new conception of BIM-FM is proposed.

Creation of Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM) Library, A Case Study of Registered House (No:56), Akçakoca

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a methodology created by adapting information technologies to the construction industry, creating 3D parametric and object-based models, and adding time and cost data to the models. In recent years, the creation of digital cultural heritage is a current field in terms of protecting cultural heritage and transferring it to future generations. Development of technology and the increase in opportunities, destinations that cannot be physically visited due to access difficulties or pandemics are trying to transfer their cultural richness to digital environments. For this purpose, Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM), which is the version of BIM applied to historical buildings, emerges as an important tool. The digitalization of cultural heritage structures by modelling is a process that requires intensive labour due to the lack of uniform details, and the fact that they were made with different construction techniques at different times and periods. For this reason, this process will be improved with the creation, dissemination, classification, and accessibility of parametric object libraries with HBIM. In this direction, the research method; is based on the analysis and synthesis of the literature review and case study in particular on modelling and library studies as a case study. As a field study, it was created in three dimensions with HBIM on a registered civil architecture example that has lost its originality in Düzce province, Akçakoca district, and the building and library elements were modelled and transferred to BIM. The original state of the building has been created to be experienced interactively. As a result, the building and its elements are defined by parametric objects. With the development of the HBIM library, the elements of the structures of similar typology become digitally accessible and digital legacies are created much more easily and effectively. HBIM studies create a comprehensive three-dimensional data set in digital documentation, restitution periods and restoration studies.

Analysis of the Current Status of Sensors and HBIM Integration: A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis

This article presents a bibliometric analysis conducted on the implementation of sensor-extracted data in the context of Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) with a focus on the conservation of heritage buildings. The study utilized recognized databases, namely, Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus. A bibliometric analysis methodology was applied, employing the VOSviewer 1.6.19 software. The results obtained provide a robust overview of the current state and trends in HBIM and sensor research and enabled the identification of emerging trends in the field of preventive conservation. Three promising trends were identified, establishing connections between this field and 4D spatial data management, energy performance, and artificial intelligence. Additionally, relations with climate change were also detected. These trends underscore a significant convergence of technologies and methodologies in the realm of heritage building conservation. The conclusions serve as a valuable contribution to guiding future research in the field of built heritage conservation.

Directions for the formation of «City Intelligent models» using artificial intelligence for the post-war reconstruction of historical buildings

Addressing the limitations of current digital simulations for historical buildings, this paper suggests a specific technical task for the development of a simulation analysis platform based on City Intelligent Modelling (CIM). The objective is to establish a systematic approach for digitally maintaining and managing historical dwellings. The technique presented in this paper focuses on constructing sophisticated parametric models that offer numerous modelling benefits, allowing for convenient updates to the Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM). The text discusses various applications and integrations of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in urban planning, construction projects, and historic building renovations. CIM is presented as a comprehensive digital platform that visually represents cities, aiding urban planners in decision-making for sustainable development. The text delves into the use of advanced analytical tools within CIM for diverse data analysis, predictive modelling, and simulation to forecast trends. The focus shifts to the evolution of BIM, progressing from 3D to 5D models, influencing construction project management and cost estimation. The integration of BIM in historic building projects is explored, emphasising the challenges and proposing innovative solutions using HBIM. The paper also introduces the concept of Infrastructural Building Information Modelling (InfraBIM) in construction management, incorporating Virtual and Augmented Reality for enhanced visualisation.

Framework for BIM-Based Repair History Management for Architectural Heritage

This research addresses the challenges faced in collecting and managing repair history information for architectural heritage due to its distribution among different institutions. To overcome this problem, this study proposes a building information modeling (BIM)-based repair history management framework that links non-formal repair details of architectural heritage to BIM. This framework was applied to the case study of the Great Hero Hall of Sudeoksa Temple in Yesan, South Korea. A repair history database in the form of structured data adhering to the historic building information modeling standard was utilized. The proposed framework effectively syncs the repair history database with BIM to preserve architectural heritage and streamline repair history information updates as well as management. Integrated heritage BIM is anticipated to furnish a thorough knowledge base for architectural heritage, comprising non-geometric details and formal information models, thus enhancing building maintenance planning. Ultimately, the benefits and limitations of the suggested framework and methodologies are deliberated for further implementation.

HBIM AND EXTENDED REALITY FOR CULTURAL MEDIATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE: A REVIEW

Abstract. In the realm of Cultural Heritage, emergent technologies such as HBIM (Historical Building Information Modeling) and Extended Reality (XR) are becoming instrumental in creating immersive Virtual Heritage experiences. A review of relevant literature indicates that these technologies have been utilized to build 3D HBIM models and highlight them on immersive platforms for purposes of cultural dissemination and promotion. Technological progress now accommodates the assimilation of historical data via HBIM methodology, which opens avenues for novel communication forms and the distribution of information through extended reality techniques. This, in turn, ensures cultural mediation and heritage site promotion. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey of research surrounding the application of HBIM in heritage site preservation and management. Moreover, this paper intends to provide an overview of the concepts and the role of XR within HBIM, in supporting the cultural mediation and promotion of historical heritage. This research further delineates a pathway for future endeavours concerning the integration of XR technologies within the policies of architectural and built heritage conservation and assessment.

Historic Building Information Modeling for Conservation and Maintenance: San Niccolo’s Tower Gate, Florence

In the field of conservation and protection of heritage buildings, knowledge plays a fundamental role, emphasized by national and international rules and regulations. This aspect becomes fundamental when conducting the structural assessment of a historical building. This study envisaged a cognitive phase via the application of advanced survey and diagnostic methodologies to define the materials, construction techniques, and state of conservation of the structural system of a specific building forming part of Florence’s heritage. The information complex produced formed the basis for the structural assessment and for the experimentation of the BIM methodology within the creation of databases for the management of cognitive processes of historical buildings. The case study is one of the gates of the last circle of walls of the 14th century and is the only one that has maintained its original height, despite modifications: the gate/tower of San Niccolò. The research conducted, in addition to achieving a structural assessment of the tower, has allowed the creation of a dynamic model for organizing and consulting the information, laying the groundwork for the creation of a conservation and maintenance plan.

HBIM STRUCTURAL MODEL TO EVALUATE BUILDING EVOLUTION AND CONSTRUCTION HYPOTHESES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Abstract. Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a technology that has proven to be very effective for the management, preservation, and maintenance of heritage buildings. HBIM allows a digital replica of the building, in which information can be stored, designs can be made, and future actions can be planned. To do this, it is obviously necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the building and its historical evolution. The HBIM model can therefore become the ideal place in which to develop and model construction hypotheses of building portions that no longer exist, or even record its development over time using different phases of work. Based on this context, the aim of this article is to use the HBIM approach for modelling different construction hypotheses and use the model to study the behaviour of different configurations with structural analysis. To do this, the case study of the church of San Michele Maggiore in Pavia was chosen, which in the 15th century underwent major restorations due to structural failures of the vaults of the central nave, which were replaced with the current cross vaults. In the literature there are different constructive hypotheses of the ancient vaults, which have been modelled in HBIM precisely to evaluate the different structural behaviours following the method presented. This article presents the historical analyses and geometric surveys that led to the HBIM modelling and the model itself. In the future, after careful selection of the most appropriate software, structural calculations will be made to study the structural behaviour of the building.

INTEGRATION OF HBIM, XR AND BEACONS FOR CULTURAL MEDIATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE: THE CASE OF “AL-QUARAOUIYINE MOSQUE” IN FES

Abstract. The mediation of cultural heritage is a significant concern in the field of history and culture valorization. Technologies such as HBIM (Historic Building Information Modeling), XR (Extended Reality), and Beacons offer highly promising solutions that have demonstrated their value in various heritage-related applications, namely 3D reconstruction, documentation, restoration, preservation, and mediation. The primary objective of this paper is to propose an approach that combines HBIM () and XR (), integrating Beacon sensors to create a rich cultural mediation experience. Our approach is based on an HBIM model of the site, enriched with multi-source semantic information stored in a NoSQL database. It also leverages Beacon sensors to deliver historical content related to the study site (Mosque Al-Quaraouiyine) based on the user's position, thereby providing a cultural mediation experience within an XR environment. This study resulted in the creation of an HBIM model of the study site, the integration of a MongoDB database for storing semantic data, the utilization of the Unity SDK to retrieve this data, and the deployment of Beacons for user position detection within the XR environment. These advancements led to the display of contextual historical and multimedia information through interactive panels, offering a rich and interactive experience. The added value of this project lies in its innovative combination of several modern technologies to provide an educational and immersive experience to users, while also paving the way for future developments towards the dissemination of cultural information based on new technologies.

CRAFTING AND MODIFYING RHINE CASTLE MODELS WITH PARAMETRIC MODELING IN BLENDER

Abstract. In the domain of architectural heritage conservation, the recent advancements in 3D modeling have significantly improved the reconstruction fidelity of historical edifices, particularly medieval castles of the Rhine region. The existing traditional 3D modeling methodologies, though precise, are laborious and exceedingly time-consuming, requiring a detailed focus on intricate architectural nuances. Advancements in Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology have played a key role in simplifying this process, offering an adaptable and parametric approach to architectural modeling. Nonetheless, the domain of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) faces the distinctive challenge of scarce parametric object libraries that are suitably representative of historical heritage, compounded by the architectural heterogeneity inherent in these ancient structures.This paper presents a novel methodology utilizing the Blender software suite, with an emphasis on exploiting ”Geometry Nodes” and ”Modifiers” for parametric modeling. We introduce a technique that significantly enhances the efficiency of modeling Rhine castles. This method supports rapid alterations and precise customization, catering to the specific analytical needs of archaeologists and heritage researchers. The proposed approach aims to bridge the gap in HBIM by providing a flexible, dynamic toolset for the accurate digital preservation of historical architecture.

ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE DIGITAL REPRESENTATIONS FOR CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

Abstract. Digital technologies enable a thorough analysis of Architectural Heritage, offering various representations that provide different levels of documentation and knowledge-based conservation tools. This paper presents a methodological approach that leverages three digital representations related to three levels of documentation: Virtual Tour Informational Modelling, Point Cloud Informational Modelling, and Historical Building Information Modelling. Their characteristics and potential are compared, focusing on the effectiveness in supporting the analysis process, and the management of future conservation works. Furthermore, the dichotomy between 2D and 3D representations of AH is tackled, emphasizing the need to align with the conservation strategies, timeline, and budget constraints. It also discusses the integration of heterogeneous data and various digital representations to address the challenges in AH preventive conservation and management, resulting in the proposal of a sustainable documentation workflow to support the conservation process.

AN INTEGRATED HBIM-GIS DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT FOR HERITAGE PRESERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT IN THE INNER ITALIAN TERRITORY

Abstract. Depopulation in Italy is causing the marginalization of several inner territories and municipalities, with consequences for the preservation of different levels of heritage. The Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI) aims to address these issues, but in some cases, the policies undertaken are not effective enough to improve development. In this context, the integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS), as a potential solution in the enhancement of knowledge, information, and project management, could be an important resource to lean on. To investigate this aspect, the municipality of Dosso del Liro in the Northern part of Lake Como (Lombardy) has been chosen as a case study, based on its marginality and its territorial variety. The research methodology involves a combination of field data collection, bibliographical and archival investigations, database research, and digital recording of heritage, with the purpose of modelling and analyzing the territorial context on different aspects and at different scales. Precisely, multi-disciplinarity and multi-scalarity (but also multi-temporality) are the key points for the HBIM-GIS modelling. Thus, trying to integrate and interpret in this innovative way the information acquired, the research aims to investigate the possibility of improvement for the creation of effective strategies and projects in the Inner Areas. The idea, in fact, is that with an increased knowledge and awareness of the heritage, the requirements for the design phase will be better in sight, and the quality of the intervention will be increased.

A HBIM pipeline for the conservation of large-scale architectural heritage: the city Walls of Pisa

In the architectural heritage field, a complete and in-depth knowledge of the assets is indispensable for any restoration and conservation strategy. In this context, the Historical Building Information Modelling (HBIM) technique is gaining much interest in supporting the diagnostic phase and the design and management of conservation activities. The HBIM provides opportunities to collect, organize and integrate information coming from different sources, inspections, and diagnosis techniques as well as to use standardized and effective tools for orienting cultural heritage asset management. This study addresses the challenges of developing HBIM for large-scale assets, that require adapting the conventional workflow to deliver results in a reasonable time. To this aim, a novel procedure involving a fit-for-purpose Inventory form and a scan-to-BIM approach is proposed. The data acquisition process is speeded up using multiple surveying techniques, and the modelling and information phases benefit from the interoperability among different tools that are already known by professionals in the field. As such, the main innovation lies in the ability to oversee the entire process through a single software, ensuring centralized and efficient control. This innovative process has been applied to investigate a significant portion of the city walls of Pisa, proving its ability to support the decision-making phase for planned conservation of large-scale architectural heritage. The emphasis is on the all-encompassing, interdisciplinary understanding of the assets across different scales. The suggested approach ensures a swift yet precise and reliable outcome in the diagnostic process and facilitating the critical temporal assessments and the review of information by any actor involved in the conservation.

Narrating Serranos Bridge Evolution in Valencia (1500–2022) Using Historic Building Information Modelling and Historical Data

The city of Valencia (Spain) is famous for its Gothic bridges, built in the 16th century. Today, the bridges no longer cross over the Turia River but have become walkways over one of the most extensive gardens in Europe. One of these bridges is the Serranos Bridge, the oldest bridge in the city and for centuries, it was the only one that existed. This research narrates the evolution of the historical changes related to this bridge, using Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) technology. The Serranos Bridge (and related Serranos Towers) were recorded with the help of terrestrial laser scanning, and parametric 3D modelling was followed after scan-to-HBIM. By referring to historical documents and traces from the past, the height of the historic wall of the city was obtained and used to recreate the urban footprint of the area. In addition, the details of the historical bridge components and the subsequent volumetric changes were reconstructed through HBIM. This investigation shows that there is a common symbol in the historical bridges of Valencia, called Casilicium, of which no traces can be identified in the present bridge. The effective integration of historical data, geomatics and HBIM can be used to understand the past and its complex transformation over six centuries with unprecedented expectations.

The Importance of Using BIM in Documenting Historical Buildings in Syria after The Earthquake – Case study (Department of Immigration -Old City of Aleppo)

Syrian cities and historic sites have suffered severe destruction due to armed conflicts in the past decade, causing significant effects on ancient civilizations. Historic buildings are exposed to dynamic changes like environmental shifts facing challenges especially after the earthquake disaster on February 6, 2023.Many historical buildings were partially or entirely destroyed; therefore, it needs proper restoration, maintenance, and management. Many practitioners in historical building management encounter challenges during the restoration process, including inefficient project management, and project delays. These issues stem from the absence of digital documentation and the updating of information management systems. Historical buildings management still relies on traditional techniques, managing information through various coordination systems by different professionals, leading to a lack of cooperation, and interoperability. This research aims to present BIM as a supportive tool to address these issues. It explores current technologies and their roles in digitization within BIM providing a detailed Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and develops a new integrated HBIM framework for the management of historical buildings in an integrated and interoperable environment that supports 3D digital documentation to maintain a heritage asset and facility management activities. The results indicate that the proposed framework is feasible and effective in achieving information integration and communication among stakeholders.

Non-destructive testing and historic building information modelling for the structural diagnosis of the church of the society of Jesus in Cusco, Peru

Non-destructive testing and historic building information modelling for the structural diagnosis of the church of the society of Jesus in Cusco, Peru

Historic Building Information Modeling as an Integrated Approach for the Documentation of Jogi Mohallah, Walled City Lahore, Pakistan

Historic Building Information Modeling as an Integrated Approach for the Documentation of Jogi Mohallah, Walled City Lahore, Pakistan

Advancing Cultural Heritage Structures Conservation: Integrating BIM and Cloud-Based Solutions for Enhanced Management and Visualization

Preserving and managing historical cultural heritage necessitates innovative approaches that harmonize technology with historical documentation. This paper presents a case study showcasing an adaptable online database tailored for the incorporation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) models and associated historical records. Notably, this approach offers distinctive integration with historical data, enabling users to contextualize heritage assets historically. The study delves into the database’s capabilities, focusing on its role in cultural heritage structure management. It explores interactive exploration, semantic querying, and attachment features, highlighting BIM’s potential in digital conservation, documentation, and archival efforts for historical structures. Additionally, the paper underscores the database’s significance as a valuable tool for education, research, and collaboration among heritage professionals and the public. While addressing specific modeling challenges, it emphasizes the importance of enhancing software solutions to elevate historical asset management. Historical BIM emerges as a powerful resource bridging the gap between historical structures’ conservation and modern technology.

The Application of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Cultural Heritage: A Review

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is the application of BIM, a digital modelling and information management technique, to assets of historical significance, otherwise known as Cultural Heritage (CH). The adoption of BIM for CH is justified by government mandates and acknowledgement by leading heritage institutions that there is a need to utilise digital tools for heritage management. This paper establishes the current state of HBIM implementation within CH as well as research trends to date via a review of the existing literature. Geometric modelling was found to be the topic of very early research into HBIM, with particular focus given to improving the accuracy and efficiency of modelling. Thus, methods for improving modelling were evaluated. HBIM as an information management tool is discussed including the issues encountered, such as data storage and insufficient existing tools, as well as key information requirements proposed in the literature. An evaluation of key HBIM case studies found limited evidence of the created models being used in practice and an overall lack of consideration of the information needs. It was determined that the implementation of HBIM is limited by a lack of defined information requirements, and standardisation regarding the method of implementation.

The role of historic building information modeling in the cultural resistance of liberated city

The role of historic building information modeling in the cultural resistance of liberated city